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Headline data

Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP
Year Value
2000 2.13
2001 2.28
2002 2.21
2003 2.28
2004 2.44
2005 2.52
2006 2.72
2007 2.87
2008 2.99
2009 3.15
2010 3.32
2011 3.59
2012 3.85
2013 3.95
2014 4.08
2015 3.98
2016 3.99
2017 4.29
2018 4.52
2019 4.63
2020 4.81
2021 4.93

Source: S&T Information and Division, Ministry of Science and ICT

Geographical Area: Total

Sub-indicators: Percent (%)

Data type

National data (Type1)
This is the national produced statistics in the ROK that best corresponds to the definition of UN SDGs indicators.
Download the national metadata file for more information.
Indicator name

Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP
Definition

Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP is calculated by dividing total annual R&D expenditure in the public sector and the private sector such as businesses, public research institutes, and universities, by the year’s GDP.
Research and development comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge including knowledge of humankind, culture and society and to devise new applications of available knowledge(OECD Frascati Manual, 93)
Data source

Research and Development Activities Survey
Data collection

Complete survey of research institutions that have performed national research and development activities, where data are collected through post surveys (administrative data collection)
Organizations

S&T Information and Division, Ministry of Science and ICT
Periodicity

Annually
Metadata https://kostat-sdg-kor.github.io/sdg-indicators/public/data/Metadata-09-05-01_ENG.pdf opens in a new window

This table provides information on metadata for SDG indicators as defined by the UN Statistical Commission. Complete global metadata is provided by the UN Statistics Division.

Indicator name

Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP
Target name

Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending
Organizations

N/A
Metadata https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-09-05-01.pdf opens in a new window